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Ever since humans evolved the capability of thought we've been pondering some of the same questions. It hasn't been until recently that we've been able to depict these concepts and illustrate them in a clever way. Minimalism has been able to illustrate complex philosophical ideas with simple pictures. The whole world is now thinking: "....and WHY didn't this happen earlier!?"
Existentialism.
Individual is solely responsible for giving his or her own life meaning and for living that life passionately and sincerely, dealing with his or her conditions, emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts.
Individual is solely responsible for giving his or her own life meaning and for living that life passionately and sincerely, dealing with his or her conditions, emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts.
Idealism.
Experience is ultimately based on mental activity. It is contrasted with realism, in which the external world is said to have an apparent absolute existence. The only things which can be directly known for certain are just ideas.
Experience is ultimately based on mental activity. It is contrasted with realism, in which the external world is said to have an apparent absolute existence. The only things which can be directly known for certain are just ideas.
Realism.
Reality exists independently of observers. In ethics, moral realism takes the view that there are objective moral values. Representative realism claims that humans cannot perceive the external world directly.
Reality exists independently of observers. In ethics, moral realism takes the view that there are objective moral values. Representative realism claims that humans cannot perceive the external world directly.
Empiricism.
Knowledge arises from evidence gathered via sense experience. Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or tradition.
Knowledge arises from evidence gathered via sense experience. Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or tradition.
Deism.
Reason and observation of the natural world, without the need for organised religion, can determine that a supreme being created the universe. This deity does not intervene in human affairs or suspend the natural laws of the universe.
Reason and observation of the natural world, without the need for organised religion, can determine that a supreme being created the universe. This deity does not intervene in human affairs or suspend the natural laws of the universe.
Humanism.
Human being can lead happy and functional lives, and are capable of being ethical and moral, without religion or dogma. Life stance emphasises the unique responsibility facing humanity and the ethical consequences of human decisions
Human being can lead happy and functional lives, and are capable of being ethical and moral, without religion or dogma. Life stance emphasises the unique responsibility facing humanity and the ethical consequences of human decisions
Dualism.
Mind and matter are fundamentally distinct kinds of substances. Human beings have both of them, mind or soul and body. Moral dualism is the belief of the greater complement or conflict between the good and the evil.
Mind and matter are fundamentally distinct kinds of substances. Human beings have both of them, mind or soul and body. Moral dualism is the belief of the greater complement or conflict between the good and the evil.
Hedonism.
Pleasure is the only intrinsic good. Actions can be evaluated in terms of how much pleasure they produce. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize the pleasure and minimize the pain.
Pleasure is the only intrinsic good. Actions can be evaluated in terms of how much pleasure they produce. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize the pleasure and minimize the pain.
Absolutism.
An absolute truth is always correct under any condition. An entity's ability to discern these things is irrelevant to that state of truth. Universal facts can be discovered. It is opposed to relativism, which claims that there is not an unique truth.
An absolute truth is always correct under any condition. An entity's ability to discern these things is irrelevant to that state of truth. Universal facts can be discovered. It is opposed to relativism, which claims that there is not an unique truth.
Relativisim.
Points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. Principles and ethics are regarded as aplicable in only limited context.
Points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. Principles and ethics are regarded as aplicable in only limited context.
Free will.
Agents have the ability to make choices. Individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions. An omnipotent divinity does not assert its power over the will and choices of individuals.
Agents have the ability to make choices. Individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions. An omnipotent divinity does not assert its power over the will and choices of individuals.
Determinism.
Events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state of an object or event is determined by prior states. Every type of event, including human cognition (behaviour, decision, and action), is causally determined by previous events.
Events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state of an object or event is determined by prior states. Every type of event, including human cognition (behaviour, decision, and action), is causally determined by previous events.
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